31
By Paul Bourget; first published 1889. In his prologue to the 1910 edition of this book, which moralizes at the expense of its unfortunate hero, T. de Wyzewa claimed it had inspired a new idealism in him and his generation.
32
Jules Lemaître, Téodor de Wyzewa and Édouard Rod. This is an odd assortment because Lemaître was more important as a critic than a novelist, and Wyzewa and Rod, both minor writers, were considered to be frivolous and ironic at that time. Rodó may well have thought of their names after reading Bérenger (see p. 66 below): ch. 2 of L'aristocratie intellectuelle, which is entitled «Le nouvel idéalisme», contains referenees to them as well as to Le disciple and A rebours, and to several other writers quoted by Rodó (Fouillée, Guyau and the Ibsen of An enemy of the people, for example).
33
Mrs Humphrey Ward, The History of David Grieve (London, 1892).
34
Phorkyas. Eurer Götter alt Gemenge, Laßt es hin, es ist vorbei. (Faust, pt. 2, Act III)
35
Part 1 of Rodó's series La vida nueva included an essay entitled El que vendrá (1896).
36
José Joaquín de Olmedo, «En la muerte de Dª María A. de Borbón» (1807), 11. 112-13: «Soldados indolentes, que militan / bajo el pendón sombrío de la muerte.»
37
This is something of an exaggeration of a passage in Helvétius's De l'esprit (1758), Discours III, ch. V: «Des forces qui agissent sur notre âme.»
38
Rodó is possibly referring to the Avant-propos in the second series (1895) of his articles collected from Le Temps and to an article in that collection entitled «Confessions d'un jeune homme».
39
See Jules Michelet, Le peuple (Paris, 1846), pt. 3, ch. VIII («Nulle éducation sans la foi»): «L'enfant est nécessaire à l'homme. Nous lui donnons moins encore que nous ne recevons de lui.»
40
The normal Spanish is «atentos».