Marcos Orozco's name is linked with that of the brothers García de Moya, emigrés from Valladolid to Madrid: see Cotarelo, Diccionario, ii. 88-95 (nos. 759-6o), in (no. 801), also i. 301 (no. 393). Cotarelo's two entries for Orozco (nos. 801 and 802) are contemporary and should be combined, as he suggests. Since the press of San Pedro Mártir apparently printed only indulgences (which bore no imprint), I have been unable to identify the type cut for the press in 1633.

Graphs based on dated Madrid items held by the British Library (1,634) and the Hispanic Society of America (1,037), coincide in making 1623 the most productive year. Pérez Pastor's Bibliografía madrileña (1,441 items from 1601 to 1625) agrees. If we give 1623 an index of 100, the index falls to about 30 within ten years in the BL and HSA graphs, although the average figure is higher. These figures do not tell the relative size of the items in numbers of sheets, and more research is required.

Gestoso y Pérez, Noticias inéditas de impresores sevillanos, pp. 115-17; the founder's name was Antonio de Espinosa, his assistant Diego de Montoya, and they agreed to work for Juan Pablo of Mexico City.

Most references to high transport costs in Spain are vague. One precise (and appropriate) reference states that in March 1588 it cost a bookseller in Medina 300 ducats to bring 600 arrobas (15,000 lb.) of books from Cartagena, a distance of 330 miles in a straight line. The basic rate for this distance was five and a half reales per arroba (Pérez Pastor, La imprenta en Medina del Campo, p. 453). When one considers that it cost 52 ducats a ton to ship goods from Cartagena to the Indies in 1612 (a little over seven reales per arroba), it seems likely that it was cheaper to ship type direct from Holland to Seville than to cart it from Madrid.

For Guyot's pica roman, see F. de Herrera, Algunas obras, A. Pescioni, 1582; for «De Laet's» small pica italic, see Luis de Valdivia, Arte, y gramática general de la lengua que corre en... Chile, T. López de Haro, 1684; for Jannon's great primer italic, the work of Juan Cabezas and Juan Vejarano, e. g. F. de Godoy's Lo que saliere, Cabezas, 1676. I plan to deal with Van Dyck and Voskens material elsewhere.

See John Dreyfus (ed.), Type specimen facsimiles II, London, 1972, no. 17, item 10 (notes, p. 8). The earliest occurrence I know of so far is in a pamphlet printed anonymously in Seville in 1633 (British Library, 593.11.17 (122)). At least two other Seville printers had it (more, if one counts unsigned items of 1638 and 1646), including Cabezas, e. g. in the Godoy work of the previous note. Antonio Román of Madrid had it from 1685 to 1692, perhaps longer, but adulterated it with Guyot ascendonica. Perhaps a single carefully husbanded fount was passed from printer to printer for sixty years, but it could only have come from Plantin's firm, which owned the punches and all four sets of strikes, only one of them justified for casting. L. Voet mentions evidence that the Plantin firm cast type for Spanish and Portuguese customers about 1735-41 (The Golden Compasses, Amsterdam, 1969-72, ii. 125, n. 4), but quotes no earlier examples.

See Don Juan Isidro Faxardo, Disertación sobre los autos sacramentales de don Pedro Calderón de la Barca, manuscript, 1718, quoted by E. M. Wilson in Hispanic Review, 30, 300.

The earliest use of the 13 mm. Vatican capitals that I know of is in Lope de Vega, Parte catorce de las comedias, Madrid, widow of F. Correa de Montenegro, 1621, and in Baltasar Porreño, Oráculos de las doce Sibilas, Cuenca, Domingo de la Iglesia, 1621. In 1619, Julián, the brother (?son) of Domingo, bought cast type in Madrid (see note 36 above), which no doubt explains how a provincial Spanish printer obtained the type only seven years after its first definite use in Rome (see Vervliet's facsimile edition of the 1628 Vatican specimen, Amsterdam, 1967, p. 31).

Granjon's third St. Augustine (Johnson, The Library, IV, 21, 296-7) occurs regularly in Madrid in the first quarter of the seventeenth century, always with a large foreign M (the original was small). Tavernier's pica lasts only until 1617 (to my knowledge).

This italic is related to that numbered 40 in the 1628 Vatican specimen, and which is first recorded in Italy in 1599. The Spanish version appears in Madrid in 1619 (as english) and in Cuenca in 1619 (as pica): cf. note 68 above. Swash capitals, at first common, grew less so in the 1630s and had gone by 1650.