261
Paul Finkelman, «James Madison and the Bill of Rights: A reluctant paternity», Supreme Court Review, 1990, p. 328. Véase Jack N. Rakove, James Madison and the creation of the American Republic, 1990; Lane Banning, The sacred fire of Liberty: James Madison and the founding of the American Republic, 1995.
262
Madison escribió la carta de la Cámara de Representantes al presidente, el discurso, y la carta del presidente a la cámara.
263
Elkins & McKitrick, Op. Cit., p. 59.
264
Ibid., p. 61. Véase, Helen E. Veit et al., Creating the Bill of Rights: The documentary record of from the First Federal Congress, Baltimore 1991.
265
Elkins & McKitrick, Op. Cit., p. 61.
266
Akhil Reed Amar, The Bill of Rights, New Heaven, Yale University Press, 1998.
267
Gary Wills, A Necessary Evil. A history of American distrust of government, New York, A Touchstone Book, published by Simon & Schuster, 1999, p. 104.
268
Hostos, Lecciones, Op. Cit., p. 130.
269
El proyecto de Thomas Jefferson sobre la declaración de independencia tenía un párrafo que abolía el tráfico de esclavos. Éste fue suprimido por los representantes de los estados esclavistas del sur. Jefferson tenía cientos de esclavos y nunca les dio la libertad. Zinn dice que: «To say that the Declaration of Independence, even by its own language, was limited to life, liberty and happiness for White males is not to denounce the makers and signers of the Declaration for holding ideas expected of privileged males of the eighteenth century. Reformers and radicals, looking discontentedly at history, are often accused of expeting too much from a past political epoch -and sometimes they do. But the point of nothing those outside the arc of human rights in the Declaration is not, centuries late and pointlessly, to lay impossible moral burdens on that time. It is to try to understand the way in which the Declaration functioned to mobilize certain groups so Americans, ignoring others.» (Emphasis added). Véase Zinn, Op. Cit. p. 73.
270
Stoughton Lynd, Class Conflict, slavery and the Constitution, Indianapolis, Bobs-Merrill, 1967.